Thalassemia is a common inherited blood disorder characterized by defective production of hemoglobin, resulting in inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues. To manage the disease, affected children often require chronic blood transfusions, which can lead to iron overload as the body has a limited ability to eliminate excess iron. This iron overload can lead to the failure of vital organs such as the heart, liver and endocrine system.
Nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining overall health. A balanced diet provides the body with the raw materials it needs to function optimally. This principle applies to thalassemia patients, whether they are transfusion dependent or not. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats should be consumed in balanced amounts. However, most thalassemia patients are in their growth and metabolic stages, so the intake of good quality protein is very important.
Micronutrients, especially vitamins, are essential for blood cell production. Folic acid and vitamin B12, found in green leafy vegetables, sprouts, dairy products and lean meat, are very important. People with thalassemia should take a daily folic acid supplement. Deficiencies in the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are common, especially in people who depend on blood transfusions. Along with calcium, vitamin D supplements are essential for maintaining bone health.
Multivitamin supplements with low or no iron content can help maintain a good metabolism. Foods high in iron should be avoided, and methods such as drinking tea with meals and avoiding foods high in vitamin C with iron-containing foods can help reduce iron absorption.
However, if you are receiving proper chelation therapy, there is no harm in taking extra iron.
The authors are consultants in paediatric oncology, haematology and BMT.
Published May 25, 2024 22:01 IST
