Sung, H. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 71, 209–249 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kakeji, Y. et al. A retrospective 5-year survival analysis of surgically resected gastric cancer cases from the Japanese gastric cancer association nationwide registry (2001–2013). Gastric Cancer 25, 1082–1093 (2022).
Google Scholar
Thrift, A. P. & El-Serag, H. B. Burden of gastric cancer. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18, 534–542 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ajani, J. A. et al. Gastric cancer, version2.2022, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw. 20, 167–192 (2022).
Google Scholar
Lordick, F. et al. Gastric cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 33, 1005–1020 (2022).
Google Scholar
Wang, F.-H. et al. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, 2021. Cancer Commun. 41, 747–795 (2021).
Google Scholar
Diakos, C. I., Charles, K. A., McMillan, D. C. & Clarke, S. J. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 15, e493–e503 (2014).
Google Scholar
Grivennikov, S. I., Greten, F. R. & Karin, M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 140, 883–899 (2010).
Google Scholar
Maiorino, L., Daßler-Plenker, J., Sun, L. & Egeblad, M. Innate immunity and cancer pathophysiology. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 17, 425–457 (2022).
Google Scholar
Hibino, S. et al. Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis and metastasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 5421 (2021).
Google Scholar
de Martel, C., Georges, D., Bray, F., Ferlay, J. & Clifford, G. M. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: A worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob. Health 8, e180–e190 (2020).
Google Scholar
Chen, J., Hong, D., Zhai, Y. & Shen, P. Meta-analysis of associations between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognosis of gastric cancer. World J. Surg. Oncol. 13, 1–9 (2015).
Google Scholar
Zhang, X. et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in gastric cancer: An updated meta-analysis. World J. Surg. Oncol. 18, 1–12 (2020).
Google Scholar
Zhang, L.-X., Wei, Z.-J., Xu, A.-M. & Zang, J. H. Can the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio be beneficial in predicting lymph node metastasis and promising prognostic markers of gastric cancer patients? Tumor maker retrospective study. Int. J. Surg. 56, 320–327 (2018).
Google Scholar
Ma, J. Y. & Liu, Q. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in patients with gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Int. J. Surg. 50, 67–71 (2018).
Google Scholar
Zhang, J. et al. Single and combined use of the platelet-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammation index in gastric cancer diagnosis. Front. Oncol. 13, 1143154 (2023).
Google Scholar
Templeton, A. J., Mcnamara, M. G., Seruga, B., Vera-Badillo, F. E. & Amir, E. Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 106, dju124 (2014).
Google Scholar
Ethier, J.-L., Desautels, D., Templeton, A., Shah, P. S. & Amir, E. Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res. 19, 1–13 (2017).
Google Scholar
Shui, Y. et al. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of systemic immune-inflammation index in pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis of 2,365 patients. Aging 13, 20585 (2021).
Google Scholar
Muscaritoli, M. et al. Prevalence of malnutrition in patients at first medical oncology visit: The PreMiO study. Oncotarget 8, 79884 (2017).
Google Scholar
Yang, Y. et al. The prognostic nutritional index is a predictive indicator of prognosis and postoperative complications in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 42, 1176–1182 (2016).
Google Scholar
Nogueiro, J. et al. The impact of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in gastric cancer. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 407, 2703–2714 (2022).
Google Scholar
Xue, Y., Zhou, X., Xue, L., Zhou, R. & Luo, J. The role of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index in esophageal cancer: A meta-analysis. J. Cell. Physiol. 234, 19655–19662 (2019).
Google Scholar
Li, J. H. et al. Preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio and prognostic nutritional index predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer: A retrospective study. Sci. Rep. 13, 17272 (2023).
Google Scholar
Niu, Z. & Yan, B. Prognostic and clinicopathological effect of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with cervical cancer: A meta-analysis. Ann. Med. 55, 2288705 (2023).
Google Scholar
Dai, M. & Sun, Q. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with oral cancer: A meta-analysis. Aging 15, 1615 (2023).
Google Scholar
Lehmann, K. et al. 18FDG-PET-CT improves specificity of preoperative lymph-node staging in patients with intestinal but not diffuse-type esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 43, 196–202 (2017).
Google Scholar
Zeng, C. D. D. et al. Preoperative folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells are associated with occult peritoneal metastasis and early recurrence in gastric cancer patients: A prospective cohort study. Front. Oncol. 12, 769203 (2022).
Google Scholar
Pu, W. Y. et al. Prediction of cancer progression in a group of 73 gastric cancer patients by circulating cell-free DNA. BMC Cancer 16, 943 (2016).
Google Scholar
Ma, S. et al. Clinical application and detection techniques of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer. Mol. Cancer 22, 7 (2023).
Google Scholar
Nakata, B. et al. Serum CA 125 level as a predictor of peritoneal dissemination in patients with gastric carcinoma. Cancer Interdiscip. Int. J. Am. Cancer Soc. 83, 2488–2492 (1998).
Google Scholar
Li, X., Li, S., Zhang, Z. & Huang, D. Association of multiple tumor markers with newly diagnosed gastric cancer patients: A retrospective study. PeerJ 10, e13488 (2022).
Google Scholar
Kochi, M. et al. Evaluation of serum CEA and CA19-9 levels as prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 3, 177–186 (2000).
Google Scholar
Wojtukiewicz, M. Z., Hempel, D., Sierko, E., Tucker, S. C. & Honn, K. V. Thrombin-unique coagulation system protein with multifaceted impacts on cancer and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 35, 213–33 (2016).
Google Scholar
Falanga, A., Marchetti, M. & Vignoli, A. Coagulation and cancer: Biological and clinical aspects. J. Thromb. Haemost. 11, 223–233 (2013).
Google Scholar
Zhang, X. et al. d-dimer, a predictor of bad outcome in gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection. Sci. Rep. 12, 16432 (2022).
Google Scholar
Dongmei, D. et al. d-dimer: Not just an indicator of venous thrombosis but a predictor of asymptomatic hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancer patients. PLoS ONE 9, e101125 (2014).
Google Scholar
Liu, L. et al. Elevated plasma d-dimer levels correlate with long term survival of gastric cancer patients. PLoS ONE 9, e90547 (2014).
Google Scholar
Ravasco, P. Nutrition in cancer patients. J. Clin. Med. 8, 1211 (2019).
Google Scholar
Matsui, R., Rifu, K., Watanabe, J., Inaki, N. & Fukunaga, T. Impact of malnutrition as defined by the glim criteria on treatment outcomes in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Nutr. 42(5), 615–624 (2023).
Google Scholar
Zheng, H.-L. et al. Effects of preoperative malnutrition on short- and long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer: Can we do better?. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 24, 3376–3385 (2017).
Google Scholar
Morgan, T. M. et al. Preoperative nutritional status is an important predictor of survival in patients undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Eur. Urol. 59, 923–928 (2011).
Google Scholar
Baracos, V. E., Martin, L., Korc, M., Guttridge, D. C. & Fearon, K. C. Cancer-associated cachexia. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 4, 1–18 (2018).
Google Scholar
Sun, K., Chen, S., Xu, J., Li, G. & He, Y. The prognostic significance of the prognostic nutritional index in cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 140, 1537–1549 (2014).
Google Scholar
Garner, H. & de Visser, K. E. Immune crosstalk in cancer progression and metastatic spread: A complex conversation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 483–497 (2020).
Google Scholar
Nakayama, Y. et al. Usefulness of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio measured preoperatively as a predictor of peritoneal metastasis in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Surg. Today 44, 2146–2152 (2014).
Google Scholar
Kim, E. Y. & Song, K. Y. The preoperative and the postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios both predict prognosis in gastric cancer patients. World J. Surg. Oncol. 18, 1–8 (2020).
Google Scholar
Wang, H. et al. Prognostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and combined neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in stage iv advanced gastric cancer. Front. Oncol. 10, 841 (2020).
Google Scholar
Zhang, X. et al. Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for distant metastasis in gastric cancer patients. Sci. Rep. 12, 10269 (2022).
Google Scholar
