By Zhong-Xing Rao, Mike Tokach, Jason Woodworth, Joel DeRouchey, Robert Goodband, Jordan Gebhardt, Katelyn Gaffield, Kansas State University
The need for antioxidants increases during stressful periods such as weaning. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by donating electrons, forming complexes between oxidizing elements, or regenerating other antioxidants.In addition to endogenous enzymatic antioxidants [e. g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase]Natural non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamins E and C, carotenoids, polyphenols, etc.) are also involved in protecting cells from free radicals.
Cabanin CSD, a natural polyphenol-based product, contains selected extracts from grapes, citrus fruits, blackcurrants and chestnuts, all of which contain high concentrations of polyphenols with high antioxidant activity. Previous European university trials observed that Kabanin CSD improved growth performance and reduced feed costs when partially replacing vitamin E. Polyphenols have also shown positive effects on the immune system.
We hypothesized that Cabanin CSD could be used as an effective antioxidant replacement in diets where the NRC (2012) minimum requirements for vitamin E are met. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of vitamin E equivalent levels (15, 75, and 575 IU/kg) and a vitamin E replacement strategy that replaces 60 IU/kg of vitamin E with Kavanin CSD in diets above the minimum. It was to evaluate. Vitamin E requirements for growth performance, antioxidant status (TBARS and SOD), complete blood cell counts, and cytokine panel in nursery pigs from weaning to 42 days post-weaning.
animals, diet, procedures
A total of 300 pigs (241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, Nebraska; initial weight 13.1 lb, age 21 days) were placed in pens of 5 pigs each based on initial weight and sex. Pig pens were randomly assigned to five treatments in a fully randomized design with 12 replicate pens per treatment. The therapeutic diet was given in the form of meals divided into three stages (1st stage: from 0 to 10 days, 2nd stage: from 10 to 21 days, and 3rd stage: from 21 to 42 days). Ta. The vitamin E form used in this study (20,000 IU/lb, DSM, Parsippany, NJ) was 1 mg of DL-α-tocopherol acetate, providing the equivalent of 1 IU of vitamin E. Natural polyphenol-based products (Cabanin CSD from Denmark, R2 Argo) contain carefully selected extracts from grapes, citrus fruits, blackcurrants and chestnuts. These ingredients include: It contains high concentrations of polyphenols and exhibits excellent antioxidant activity.
Cabanin CSD was estimated to be 50% equivalent to vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate) based on previous university trials conducted in weaned pigs at the Frei University Berlin (Germany). Therefore, 1 mg of Cabanin CSD provides the equivalent of 0.5 IU of vitamin E. The total polyphenol content of this particular lot of Cabanin CSD product used in this study was 9.2%.
To meet the estimated vitamin E requirements, we formulated a control treatment that provided vitamin E equivalents of 15 IU/kg. This control diet containing 15 IU/kg of vitamin E was then used by him as the basis for three replacement strategy diets. (table 1). First, an additional 60 IU/kg of vitamin E was added for a total of 75 IU/kg of vitamin E equivalent. Second, 50% of the additional vitamin E (30 IU/kg) was replaced with vitamin E equivalent in Cabanin CSD. Third, all 60 IU/kg vitamin E supplements were replaced with equivalent Cabanin CSD. These three alternative strategies added an additional 60 IU/kg equivalent of vitamin E to a diet containing the estimated minimum requirement for vitamin E (15 IU/kg) and replaced vitamin E with Cabanin CSD at various ratios. We were able to judge the effect of the case. The fifth treatment was 75 IU/kg from vitamin E and 500 IU/kg from Kavanin CSD for a total of 575 IU/kg to assess whether there were any adverse effects of feeding high levels of Kavanin to nursery pigs. Formulated to provide an equivalent amount of vitamin E. C.S.D.
KSU
Pen weight and feed loss were measured on days 0, 10, 21, 31, 38 and 42 to determine average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed. : The amount of increase was determined. The pigs remained healthy during the 42-day trial, with little treatment and no deaths. Whole blood and serum samples were collected from one pig at median body weight in each pen on days 10 and 42 of the experiment for CBC, serum cytokine panel, serum SOD, and serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Collected from.
result
Growth performance
There was no evidence that there was a difference (P >0.10) increased in ADG and ADFI as vitamin E equivalents increased or between supplementation strategies throughout the 42-day experimental period (Table 2). Overall (days 0 to 42) F/G (straight line, P = 0.075).
KSU
Antioxidant status (TBARS and SOD)
For serum TBARS, there was no evidence of vitamin E equivalent × day interaction, treatment × day interaction, vitamin E equivalent effect, treatment effect, or day effect (P > 0.10). However, there was an interaction of vitamin E equivalent × day (P = 0.050) affects serum SOD activity (Figure 1). Increase in vitamin E equivalents (linear, P = 0.036) Serum SOD activity on day 42 is not that on day 10 (linear, P = 0.616). Furthermore, there was no treatment effect, day effect, or treatment × day interaction (P > 0.10) Serum SOD activity during the 5 dietary treatments on days 10 and 42.
KSU. Figure 1. Serum SOD activity on day 10 and his day 42. Total E equivalent is a combination of vitamin E and vitamin E equivalent provided by Cabanin CSD (R2 Argo, Denmark). Increasing total vitamin E equivalents increased SOD at day 42 (linear, P = 0.036) but not at day 10 (linear, P = 0.616). There was no difference between methods of increasing total vitamin E equivalents.
Complete blood count and cytokines
There was no evidence (P > 0.10 for vitamin E equivalent × 1 day interactions and treatment × 1 day interactions for all CBC standards or serum cytokine levels. As vitamin E equivalents increased, there was a tendency to increase (quadratic function, P = 0.070) white blood cell concentration and increase (secondary, P = 0.045) Eosinophil concentration decreased from 15 IU/kg of vitamin E equivalents to 75 IU/kg and then to 575 IU/kg.
In summary, increasing vitamin E equivalents through addition of vitamin E or Kabanin CSD improves feed efficiency, which may be related to enhanced serum SOD activity. Additionally, we found no evidence of differences between the three vitamin E supplementation strategies across all response criteria. Therefore, this suggests that Cabanin CSD can be used as an effective replacement for 60 IU/kg of supplemental vitamin E added to the feed to meet the basal vitamin E requirement (15 IU/kg) of nursery pigs. Masu.
