A healing herb—otherwise known as a medicinal plant—is either collected from the wild or intentionally grown for its medicinal (curative) value. Herbs are usually considered to be the non-wood parts of plants.
Herbs typically contain volatile oils, which can be quite potent. Examples of healing plants with evidence supporting their benefit for certain health conditions include, but aren’t limited to, the following:
- Ashwagandha
- Chamomile
- Echinacea
- Garlic
- Ginger
- Gingko
- Ginseng
- Lavender
- St. John’s Wort
- Turmeric
This article covers the traditional uses of these healing plants, what research says about them, how to take them, and what to consider.
Verywell / Mira Norian
Ashwagandha
Ashwagandha comes from the Withania somnifera plant, also known as Indian ginseng and Indian winter cherry. The evergreen shrub is native to Africa and Asia and grows in some parts of the Middle East and India.
Traditional Uses
Ashwagandha has been used for thousands of years for its medicinal properties. The versatile herb is common in Ayurvedic medicine (the traditional medicine system in India) to boost energy levels, decrease anxiety and stress, and reduce pain and inflammation.
Research shows this powerful herb significantly reduces cortisol levels (the primary stress hormone), helping reduce stress and anxiety. It is recognized as an adaptogen, a substance that helps protect from stress.
Ashwagandha is also used to improve male sexual health, as the herb may boost testosterone levels in males. The root of the woody plant is said to support erectile dysfunction, increase libido (sexual desire), and enhance sexual pleasure.
Click Play to Learn More About Ashwagandha for Erectile Dysfunction
Preparation
Ashwagandha is available in capsule, tincture, and powder forms as a dietary supplement. Ashwagandha powder can have an earthy, bitter flavor, so it’s best when mixed into something, such as smoothies, desserts, and coffee or tea. It has traditionally been mixed with honey, ghee, or water.
Mix 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of ashwagandha powder into your smoothies or hot beverages. You can take ashwagandha any time of day, though it is best to take it approximately 30 minutes before a meal.
Most people do not immediately feel the effects of ashwagandha. It can take weeks for the benefits of ashwagandha to be noticeable.
Considerations
Ashwagandha is generally safe for most adults. Common side effects include drowsiness, gastrointestinal discomfort, and diarrhea. People who take certain medications, like anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates, should not take ashwagandha, as the plant may interact with them.
Do not take ashwagandha if you are pregnant, as high doses may induce miscarriage.
Chamomile
Chamomile is a flower native to Western Europe, India, and Asia. It now grows freely throughout the United States. There are two types of chamomile: German (native to southern and eastern Europe) and Roman (a perennial native to northern Africa and southern and western Europe that smells like apples).
Traditional Uses
Chamomile is a popular herbal remedy in the United States, commonly used to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Chamomile is likely safe when used as a tea. And, it may be safe for short-term use orally. However, not enough is known about the long-term safety of using chamomile for medicinal purposes.
In Europe, chamomile is used to aid in wound healing and reduce inflammation and swelling. A 2021 study found compounds in chamomile flowers provided faster wound healing compared to placebo. The study authors noted that the high concentration of phytochemicals in chamomile flowers is likely responsible for wound healing.
A 2016 review found that chamomile is a versatile herb. It is commonly used for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antidiarrheal effects. It is also beneficial for managing knee osteoarthritis, ulcerative colitis, premenstrual syndrome, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Preparation
Chamomile can be brewed as a tea, applied as a compress, or used topically to treat skin irritation. Chamomile tea has an apple-like fragrance and taste. To prepare the tea:
- Add 1 teaspoon of dried flowers per cup of boiling water.
- Place the flower blossoms in a tea infuser.
- Pour boiling water over the flowers.
- Steep for five minutes.
You can add ice to the tea if you prefer a cooler beverage. Chamomile is available as a tea and in capsule form in most health food stores. If using capsules, look for pharmaceutical-grade products. Other grades, such as therapeutic grades, may not be as high in quality.
Considerations
Chamomile may cause allergic reactions, and some people have reported anaphylaxis (a severe, whole-body allergic reaction that can be deadly) from its use. Avoid using chamomile if you take blood thinners or the antirejection drug cyclosporine. It can negatively interact with these medications.
Echinacea
Echinacea is a flowering plant in the daisy family. The flower’s large, magenta petals unfurl in early to late summer. It grows in eastern and central North America, and the leaf, stalk, and root of echinacea are commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Traditional Uses
Echinacea has traditionally been used as a remedy for toothache, bowel pain, snake bites, seizures, skin irritation, arthritis, and cancer. Today, echinacea is a home remedy commonly used to shorten the duration of or prevent the common cold and flu. It is also widely used to promote wound healing.
Echinacea is rich in substances believed to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and have antiviral and antioxidant effects.
Some studies show a minor benefit of using echinacea to prevent upper respiratory infections. However, more studies are needed to determine its efficacy in preventing or shortening the duration of a cold.
Preparation
Echinacea is available in capsule, tincture, and tea (bagged and loose-leaf) forms. There is no recommended daily intake of echinacea. To prepare loose-leaf echinacea tea:
- Place flowers, leaves, and teas in a mug.
- Boil water and pour 8 ounces of water into the mug.
- Let the tea steep for up to 15 minutes.
- Strain to remove the plant parts.
- Flavor to taste with honey, stevia, or other natural sweeteners.
Considerations
Echinacea can be hard on the digestive system and may cause stomach upset. Experts say echinacea should only be used on a short-term basis. Long-term use (eight weeks or more) may affect the body’s immune system and liver.
Check with a healthcare provider before using echinacea. It may interact with your medications, particularly medicines that affect your liver.
If you are allergic to plants in the daisy family, such as ragweed, marigold, and daisies, you may have an allergic reaction to echinacea.
Garlic
Garlic is a perennial plant native to Central Asia that is grown for its flavorful bulbs. It is now grown worldwide by many cultures. Garlic is valued both for cooking purposes and its medicinal properties.
Traditional Uses
Humans have been using garlic for thousands of years. Traditional medicinal uses include preventing infection, lowering blood pressure, treating tuberculosis, colic, liver disease, and intestinal worms, and reducing fevers.
The compounds found in garlic have antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Research shows garlic can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Garlic may be effective at preventing certain types of cancer. Research shows that regular consumption of cooked or raw garlic may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
Preparation
Garlic can be consumed both cooked and raw. It can also be used in powder to season meats, vegetables, soups, and stews.
Garlic supplements are available in capsule, oil, and tincture form. Recommended daily dosages vary depending on how you are using garlic, including:
- 2–5 grams of fresh, raw garlic
- 0.4–1.2 grams of dried garlic powder
- 2–5 milligrams of garlic oil
- 2,400 milligrams of liquid garlic extract
Considerations
Speak with your healthcare provider if you plan to supplement with garlic for its health benefits. Garlic can increase the risk of bleeding and should not be used if you are taking blood thinners. For that same reason, do not take large amounts of garlic before surgery or dental procedures.
Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has a leafy stem and yellow-green flowers. Native to Asia, ginger belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The versatile spice comes from the underground stem of the ginger plant and is added to foods and beverages worldwide.
In traditional Chinese medicine, the fresh rhizoma (underground stem) of Zingiber officinale Roscoe is used, called Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens.
Traditional Uses
Ginger has been used extensively since the 1500s in many traditional medicines worldwide. Over 2,000 years ago, ginger was so valued and sought after for its medicinal properties that a pound of it was equivalent to the cost of a sheep.
It was used to remedy common ailments, such as nausea, pain, and vomiting. Today, ginger has the distinction of being classified as an herb, food, and medicine.
- Regarding its medicinal properties, ginger is perhaps best known for its ability to help reduce nausea. Research confirms ginger may help relieve nausea and vomiting for people undergoing surgery and pregnancy-related nausea. Ginger may also help relieve chemotherapy-related nausea.
Thanks to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, ginger is also an effective pain reliever. One study found that ginger helped reduce pain and increase mobility in individuals with osteoarthritis.
Preparation
Ginger is versatile and used in many forms, including fresh, dried, pickled, candied, and powdered. It has a strong and spicy smell and tastes somewhat sweet and peppery. Ground ginger root is what you typically find on spice shelves in grocery stores. It is commonly used for cooking and baking.
There are numerous ways to consume ginger, including in tea. You can purchase ginger tea bags in most grocery stores or make them at home with fresh ginger. If you consume fresh ginger, peel the skin with a vegetable peeler before use.
Considerations
Ginger is considered to be safe when taken orally as a dietary supplement, and it may also be safe when used topically (on the skin). Side effects are generally mild and include diarrhea, heartburn, and abdominal discomfort, particularly when consumed in large doses.
Though using ginger during pregnancy is considered safe, talk with your healthcare professional before using it if you want to reduce pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting.
Gingko
Ginkgo biloba (widely known as ginkgo) is one of the oldest surviving tree species. Native to Asia, ginkgo is one of the top-selling herbal remedies in the United States. Ginkgo leaves are used to create extracts, capsules, and tablets.
Ginkgo leaves can also be consumed as tea. It’s used typically to enhance cognition and also for symptoms of dementia. The nut is used in traditional Chinese medicine for wheezing.
Traditional Uses
Ginkgo leaves have been used for thousands of years for medicinal benefits. These include treating bronchitis, asthma, chronic fatigue, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Some people believe that ginkgo has powerful brain-boosting properties, though more studies are needed to determine if this is true.
The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health notes there is no conclusive evidence that ginkgo helps any medical condition.
Preparation
Gingko is available for purchase in capsule, tablet, liquid extract, and dried leaves/tea forms. There is currently no recommended standardized dose of ginkgo. Different doses and formulations have been used in various research studies.
The right dose for you will depend on your age, medical history, sex, and type of formulation used. It is generally better to start with a lower dose to determine which amount is right for you. It may take up to six weeks to notice any health benefits of ginkgo.
Considerations
When using a supplement, ensure that only extracts from ginkgo leaves are used to produce the product. The seeds contain a toxin that can cause seizures. Side effects include headache, upset stomach, dizziness, and allergic reactions.
Ginkgo may increase the risk of bleeding. It should not be taken with NSAIDs, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, or tricyclic antidepressants due to potential drug interactions.
Ginseng
Ginseng is a well-known herb with several health benefits attributed to it. Sometimes referred to as “man-root” because it is shaped like a person, there are many types of ginseng.
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is an herbaceous perennial native to deciduous forests of the United States. Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) is native to China, Korea, and eastern Siberia. The botanical name Panax is derived from the word “panacea,” which represents ginseng’s versatile uses for medicinal purposes.
Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is also called eleuthero or ci wu jia in traditional Chinese medicine. It is less of a tonic than the other types and functions more as an adaptogen. Panax notoginseng, also called radix notoginseng or sanchi, is traditionally used to control bleeding.
Traditional Uses
Ginseng has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine. The herb has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, and antiviral properties, making it a popular herb for medicinal use even today.
Research shows that ginseng helps improve circulation, boosts immunity, and protects against certain types of cancer. The powerful herb has also been shown to reduce blood sugar levels and improve diabetes treatments.
Studies show that ginseng improves learning and memory acquisition, making it a popular antiaging herb to support brain health in older adults. Ginseng has also been shown to reduce inflammation in the body and has potency for pain relief and inflammation reduction comparable to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medications.
Preparation
There are many ways to consume fresh ginseng to reap its health benefits, such as:
- Eating it raw or steamed
- Steeped in hot water to make tea
- Added to stir-fry meals and soups
Ginseng is also available in health food stores and some drug stores as a dietary supplement. It can be purchased in capsule, powder, and extract forms.
There is currently no daily recommended dosage of ginseng, and various amounts have been examined in research studies, ranging from 0.5 to 3 grams per day of fresh ginseng, and 100 to 800 mg of extract. If you use ginseng supplements, follow the dosage directions on the label.
Considerations
Ginseng is generally safe for consumption with no serious side effects. Although uncommon, side effects of ginseng supplements may include nervousness, insomnia, changes in blood pressure, breast pain, vaginal bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, and mania.
There is some evidence to suggest that long-term use of ginseng decreases its effectiveness, so take the supplement for two to three weeks with a one to two-week break to enjoy its benefits.
If you take medications for diabetes, monitor your glucose levels closely when consuming ginseng to ensure your levels do not get too low.
Talk with your healthcare provider before supplementing with ginseng if you take any medications. Do not take ginseng if you have a bleeding disorder or are taking blood thinners, such as Coumadin (warfarin).
Lavender
One of the most popular herbs in the world, lavender (Lavandula) is a pleasant-smelling evergreen shrub that grows in low mounds and is native to the Mediterranean. Lavender is in the mint family and thrives in many places around the globe.
The versatile herb is used in personal care products, baking, and essential oils, and has become one of the most well-studied herbs due to its potential health benefits.
Traditional Uses
Lavender has been used by humans for centuries, for everything from perfumes to aromatherapy to medicinal purposes. The herb’s therapeutic properties were traditionally used for treating insect bites and burns, cleaning wounds, and protecting against certain diseases.
Evidence suggests that lavender promotes sleep, improves memory, relieves pain, and uplifts mood. In animal and human studies, lavender has been proven to have anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.
Lavender is a powerhouse herb that offers many medicinal and therapeutic uses. Thanks to its calming properties, lavender essential oil may be effective at soothing anxiety and promoting a good night’s sleep.
The essential oil has also been found to relieve pain and may be helpful in soothing arthritis/joint pain, headaches, back pain, and menstrual cramps.
Preparation
Lavender is available in many forms, including dried herb, powder, and essential oil. You can grow lavender in your garden if you live in a climate that supports its growth. Lavender is widely used in perfumes, shampoos, and creams/lotions for its soothing scent.
The essential oil can be diffused in an air diffuser or massaged directly onto the skin once diluted with a carrier oil, such as almond or olive oil. You can also apply it to your linens or on a cotton ball to inhale it for aromatherapy.
Lavender tea is available in premade tea bags, or you can steep dried lavender flower buds in hot water for a caffeine-free tea.
Considerations
Lavender essential oil may cause an allergic reaction or skin irritation in some people. Always dilute the essential oil in a carrier oil before applying directly to the skin. If you experience headache, nausea, or vomiting after use, stop using it immediately. Do not consume lavender essential oil orally, as it may be toxic.
Oral consumption of lavender, such as in tea, may cause constipation, headaches, or increased appetite.
St. John’s Wort
St. John’s Wort is a plant with yellow flowers. It is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, though it now grows throughout the United States. The flower and leaf are used to create herbal remedies and supplements as an alternative treatment for various ailments.
Traditional Uses
St. John’s Wort has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years and various conditions, including insomnia, wound healing, depression, and kidney and lung ailments.
Today, St. John’s Wort is most popular as an herbal remedy for depression. Studies show it may have a positive effect on mild to moderate depression if used over 12 weeks.
St. John’s Wort is also used to reduce menopausal symptoms and for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and skin conditions. It may be used topically to promote wound healing and reduce muscle pain.
Preparation
St. John’s Wort is available in dry, oil, and liquid forms, including capsules, tinctures, and elixirs. Each product will come in different doses and supplement strengths may vary. There is not enough data to provide a standard recommended dose of St. John’s Wort.
The appropriate dose of St. John’s Wort will depend on your age, sex, and medical history. It’s best to work with a healthcare provider, pharmacist, and/or an alternative health practitioner. They can personalize your dose to ensure effectiveness and safety.
Considerations
When taken in large doses, St. John’s Wort may cause sensitivity to sunlight. It can have serious interactions with certain medications. Do not take St. John’s Wort if you are taking antidepressants, as a life-threatening increase in serotonin may result.
Turmeric
Native to South Asia, turmeric is an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the ginger family. It has been used for its medicinal properties for over 4,000 years.
Traditional Uses
Turmeric is one of the most widely studied herbs. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. In Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems, it is used for upper respiratory infections, the digestive system, and skin problems.
Ayurvedic Medicine
Ayurvedic herbs are a major component of Ayurveda, a traditional-medicine practice that originated in India. Practitioners use herbs to keep the mind, body, and spirit in balance.
Turmeric is still a popular herbal remedy. It’s touted as aiding in such conditions as allergies, arthritis, digestive disorders, respiratory infections, depression, and liver disease.
Research says turmeric may provide therapeutic benefits for skin health as an oral supplement or topical (on the skin) application. Turmeric is also proven effective at reducing joint pain caused by arthritis. One study found that participants who took 100 milligrams a day of turmeric extract experienced reduced joint pain.
Preparation
Turmeric is used around the world as a cooking ingredient. Turmeric supplements are made from the dried rhizome (underground stem) and are often sold in capsule form. Turmeric paste is made to apply topically to the skin for certain skin conditions.
The recommended dosage for turmeric varies, depending on its intended use. Studies often use dosages ranging from 500 to 2,000 milligrams of turmeric daily. The amount you take will vary depending on your age, medical history, sex, and intended use.
Some people experience significant symptom relief when taking smaller doses, so start small to determine which dose works best for you.
Considerations
Turmeric is generally considered safe when eaten in foods, consumed as an oral supplement, or applied to the skin in recommended amounts. Concentrations of curcumin—an active ingredient in turmeric—are higher in supplements than in foods and may cause stomach upset when taken in large doses, as well as diarrhea, skin rash, yellow stool, and headache.
Speak with a healthcare provider before taking a turmeric supplement. It may have interactions with some prescription medications and other herbal remedies.
Turmeric can enhance the effect of blood thinners, increasing your risk of bleeding. A review found that turmeric may interact with several medications, including antidepressants, anticoagulants, antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, and antihistamines.
FDA’s Role in Regulating Herbs
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements the way it regulates prescription drugs. That means some supplement products may not contain what the label says.
When choosing a supplement, look for third-party tested products (such as USP, Consumer Labs, or NSF) and consult a healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), or pharmacist.
Summary
Humans have used plants for thousands of years to treat ailments, pain, and disease. Healing herbs are available in several forms, including supplements, tinctures, teas, and essential oils.
Scientific evidence on popular herbal remedies varies widely. For some, there is a lot of information, while there may be just a little for others.
Do your research and talk with a healthcare provider about any remedies before taking them to understand any potential side effects along with their purported health benefits.
